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DELPHI
History
Organization of the Delphic ForceA religious confederation, Amphictyonic League, composed of representatives (Sacred Scribes) of twelve Greek tribes administered the sacred area and organized the Pythian Games and Delphic Festivals every tour years with sacrifices a performance of the Sacred Drama (whose main theme was the duel between Apollo and Python), music contests, and paeans in honour of the god. The members of the Amphictyonic League met every spring and autumn to vote on decisions which were executed by the Senate. Worship at Delphi was headed by two priests of equal rank who were assisted by a series of free interpreters and sacred slaves. The little town of Delphi: About a thousand people lived in the vicinity of the Sanctuary, exploiting the Oracle and the pilgrims in a variety of ways - selling knives for sacrifices or religious objects, exercising the professions of servant and inscription carver. The prophecy ceremony: Whoever wished to consult the Oracle was obliged to pay a tax, the "telono", which gave him the right to approach the great altar of Apollo to offer sacrifices (boars, goats or bulls). Having purified herself in the water of the Kastalian Fountain, Pythia bent over the Navel of the Earth (the Sacred Stone), ate a laurel leaf and, inhaling the vapours emitted from the chasm, entered a state of ecstasy, uttering incoherent words. These were then composed into verses by the Priest, while the interprets endeavoured to render some meaning out of the prophecy. The priestesses of Apollo: ln the beginning the Pythia were chosen from among the young women of Delphi. As time went on, for the priest to be certain of their virtue, they selected them from among women who had passed their fiftieth year.
The Archaeological Site
The MuseumThe first building date from 1902. The museum's collection consists exclusively of objects of all kinds from the Sanctuary of Delphi. Among its major works are: the navel of the world (a Hellenistic or Roman copy of the Sacred Stone), the Sphinx of the Naxians (550 BC), the statue of Antinous, the statue of Agias, the group of Thyiads (three colossal female figures portrayed dancing around a flowered column from the Sanctuary of Dionysos), the metopes from the Treasuries of Sicyon and Athens, the Karyatid and Zephyr from the Treasury of Siphnos, the bronze Charioteer, the head of Dionysos. EpilogueStill an awe-inspiring location for both Greeks and Europeans, Delphi is a headquarters for international meetings, architectural, archaeological cultural symposia, Congress of Ancient Drama held under the auspices of the European Cultural Centre of Delphi. Perhaps the organizers are reminded of these lines from the "Delphic Hymn" by Angelos Sikelianos: "Without your aid, o God, I will climb to the summit and alone, with my wits and guts - my brothers will wait on the lower heights - I will sing of the heart of Man, my heart" Sikelianos' house still stands in the modern town of Delphi. Today's residents, having superb facilities for tourists, welcome visitors for as long as they wish to stay. Souvenir shops, restaurants and hotels, both traditional and contemporary in style, stand for both the Greece of today and the Greece of the year 2000, Greece the member of the European Community. You can discover this modern fascinating land, choosing from among the itineraries proposed below, either using your own car, a rented vehicle or the local buses. If you select the latter, you need to have more time at your disposal, but you will have a unique opportunity to get to know a Greece rarely seen by tourists .
How to get there
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"Now the serene sense is supping with the gods". This was the
sense of the poet Angelos Sikelianos who between 1927 and 1930 revived
the Delphic Festival, here in Delphi, the centre of the earth, wishing
to "instill the forgotten Delphic watchword in all human souIs".
The myth recounts that at a certain moment Zeus released two eagles, one
from the East, the other from the West, and at the point where the met,
he threw the Sacred Stone, marking the centre of the earth - the navel
of the world. At this point one of the most important oracles of
antiquity was developed and cultivated - the Delphic Oracle.
Mythology and History of the Oracle The cave where the divinity Gaia
(Mother Earth) used to utter prophecies guarded by her son, the serpent
Python, dates from the second millennium BC (Mycenaean period). It was
located on the way from the Gulf of Corinth to Central and Northern
Greece, in a region then called Pytho. When the god Apollo was an
infant, he killed Python, at the same time abandoning Delphi to purify
himself. After the purification took place, he returned to Delphi
crowned and took over the Oracle, which from then on belonged to him.
Apart from the mythical implications, this act symbolized the
introduction of the worship of Delphinios Apollo at Krisa (a town in
Phokis, today Hrisso), by the seamen of Knossos. The god became known as
Apollo Pythias and the area was called Delphi from that time on. At
first the Oracle was under the strict domination of Krisa; i, It was
liberated in 590 BC, and it is from this date that the true history and
fame of Delphi essentially began. A number of Sacred Wars broke out for
control of the Oracle. The Phokians, Amphissans and even the Athenians
vied to avail themselves of its great wealth, interfering with the
independence of the priests and the little world that revolved about
them. In 191 BC the Romans became masters of Delphi. This was a period
of waves of pillaging raids L but also attempts to revive the Oracle.
However, nothing could halt Delphi's decline and eventually it ceased to
be regarded as the navel of the world.
(The first excavations began in 1838 and were completed in 1935). The
Sanctuary of Apollo with the Treasuries (buildings where the city-states
kept votive offerings and religious vessels), the temples and the
peribolos (enclosure) lie on the south flank of Mt. Parnassos to your
right if you are coming from Arahova. The centre of the sanctuary is
dominated by the Doric temple of Apollo. The Sacred Way leads to the
temple and is lined with Treasuries, monuments and offerings. Northwest
of the temple is the theatre (5,000 seats) where the Delphic Festivals
were held, which had as a central theme the representation of Apollo's
victory over the serpent Python. Rather further to the west and somewhat
above the theatre lies the Stadium where the Pythian Games took place
every four years. To the right of the entrance to the Sanctuary is the
Kastalian Fountain, where Pythia washed before speaking her prophecies,
and on the left and below the road stands the Sanctuary of Athena; finds
have shown that it had been dedicated as early as the Mycenaean era to a
female deity. The tholos or rotunda, one of the most remarkable
architectural constructions of antiquity, stands next to it. It is not
known what this building was used for.